:root {
  --color-bg: #faf7f1;
  --color-surface: #ffffff;
  --color-surface-soft: #f3efe6;
  --color-text: #1b2a20;
  --color-text-soft: #3a4a40;
  --color-muted: #6b7a70;
  --color-accent: #2f8a52;
  --color-accent-hover: #246a3f;
  --color-accent-soft: #e3f1e8;
  --color-accent-warm: #f4efe2;
  --color-accent-ring: rgba(47, 138, 82, 0.22);
  --color-border: #ebe6da;
  --color-border-strong: #d5cebd;

  --font-sans: ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  --font-serif: "Iowan Old Style", "Source Serif 4", "Source Serif Pro", "Charter", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;

  --radius-sm: 6px;
  --radius-md: 10px;
  --radius-lg: 14px;
  --radius-pill: 999px;

  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px rgba(15, 29, 21, 0.04);
  --shadow-md: 0 4px 14px rgba(15, 29, 21, 0.06);
  --shadow-lg: 0 18px 40px rgba(15, 29, 21, 0.08);

  --space-1: 0.25rem;
  --space-2: 0.5rem;
  --space-3: 1rem;
  --space-4: 1.5rem;
  --space-5: 2.5rem;
  --space-6: 4rem;
  --space-7: 6rem;

  --measure: 68ch;
  --container: 1080px;
  --container-narrow: 760px;
}

*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  font-size: 17px;
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  text-size-adjust: 100%;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  color: var(--color-text);
  background: var(--color-bg);
  line-height: 1.7;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; }

::selection {
  background: var(--color-accent-soft);
  color: var(--color-text);
}

/* ---------- Typography ---------- */

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5 {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1.2;
  color: var(--color-text);
  margin-top: var(--space-5);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-3);
}

h1 { font-weight: 800; }

h1 {
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 2.4vw, 3.25rem);
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  margin-top: 0;
}
h2 { font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 1.2rem + 1.1vw, 2rem); }
h3 { font-size: 1.25rem; }
h4 { font-size: 1.05rem; }

p, ul, ol {
  max-width: var(--measure);
  font-size: 1.08rem;
}

a {
  color: var(--color-accent);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1.5px;
  text-decoration-color: var(--color-accent-soft);
  text-underline-offset: 4px;
  transition: color 0.15s ease, text-decoration-color 0.15s ease;
}
a:hover {
  color: var(--color-accent-hover);
  text-decoration-color: var(--color-accent);
}

strong { font-weight: 700; color: var(--color-text); }

/* ---------- Layout primitives ---------- */

.container {
  max-width: var(--container);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: var(--space-5) var(--space-3);
}

.container--narrow {
  max-width: var(--container-narrow);
}

/* ---------- Site header ---------- */

.site-header {
  background: var(--color-bg);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.site-header__inner {
  max-width: var(--container);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 1.1rem var(--space-3);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: var(--space-3);
}

.site-header a {
  color: var(--color-text);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.site-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
  color: var(--color-text);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 0.45rem;
}

.site-title__mark {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-accent);
  border-left: 2px solid var(--color-accent);
  padding-left: 0.5rem;
}

.site-nav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.25rem;
}

.site-nav a {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--color-text-soft);
  padding: 0.5rem 0.85rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  transition: background 0.15s ease, color 0.15s ease;
}
.site-nav a:hover {
  background: var(--color-surface-soft);
  color: var(--color-text);
}

/* ---------- Hero ---------- */

.hero {
  position: relative;
  margin: var(--space-5) 0 var(--space-6);
  padding: var(--space-6) var(--space-4) var(--space-5);
  background: var(--color-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  text-align: left;
}

.hero__eyebrow {
  display: inline-block;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-accent);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-3);
}

.hero__trust {
  margin-top: var(--space-4);
  padding-top: var(--space-3);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--space-3);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--color-muted);
}
.hero__trust strong { color: var(--color-text-soft); font-weight: 600; }

.hero h1 {
  margin: 0 0 var(--space-3);
  max-width: 22ch;
}

.hero p {
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 0.95rem + 0.4vw, 1.2rem);
  color: var(--color-text-soft);
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 60ch;
}

.hero__cta {
  margin-top: var(--space-4);
  display: flex;
  gap: var(--space-2);
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

/* ---------- Buttons ---------- */

.button,
a.button {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  background: var(--color-accent);
  color: #ffffff;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 1rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  padding: 0.75rem 1.25rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  border: 0;
  cursor: pointer;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  transition: background 0.15s ease, box-shadow 0.15s ease;
}
.button:hover,
a.button:hover {
  background: var(--color-accent-hover);
  color: #ffffff;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}
.button:focus-visible,
a.button:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid var(--color-accent-ring);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

.button--ghost,
a.button--ghost {
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--color-accent);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border-strong);
  box-shadow: none;
}
.button--ghost:hover,
a.button--ghost:hover {
  background: var(--color-surface-soft);
  color: var(--color-accent-hover);
  border-color: var(--color-accent);
}

/* ---------- Section heading ---------- */

.section-heading {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  margin: var(--space-6) 0 var(--space-3);
}

.page-header {
  text-align: center;
  margin: var(--space-5) 0 var(--space-5);
}
.page-header h1 { margin-top: var(--space-2); }
.page-header__lede {
  color: var(--color-text-soft);
  max-width: 56ch;
  margin: var(--space-2) auto 0;
}

.breadcrumbs {
  padding-top: var(--space-3);
  padding-bottom: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}
.breadcrumbs__list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0;
  color: var(--color-muted);
}
.breadcrumbs__list li {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.breadcrumbs__list li:not(:last-child)::after {
  content: "›";
  margin: 0 0.5rem;
  color: var(--color-border-strong);
}
.breadcrumbs a {
  color: var(--color-muted);
  text-decoration: none;
}
.breadcrumbs a:hover {
  color: var(--color-accent);
  text-decoration: underline;
}
.breadcrumbs [aria-current="page"] {
  color: var(--color-text-soft);
}

.topic-section {
  margin-top: var(--space-6);
}
.topic-section__heading {
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  margin: 0 0 var(--space-3);
  padding-bottom: var(--space-2);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

/* ---------- Guide cards ---------- */

.guide-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(280px, 1fr));
  gap: var(--space-3);
}

.guide-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  background: var(--color-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  padding: var(--space-4);
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--color-text);
  transition: box-shadow 0.18s ease, border-color 0.18s ease;
  height: 100%;
}
.guide-card:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  border-color: var(--color-accent);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.guide-card__tag {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-accent);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-2);
}

.guide-card h3 {
  margin: 0 0 var(--space-2);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  color: var(--color-text);
}

.guide-card p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.guide-card__more {
  margin-top: var(--space-3);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

/* ---------- State cards (by-state hub) ---------- */

.state-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: var(--space-4) 0 var(--space-5);
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(180px, 1fr));
  gap: var(--space-2);
}

.state-card {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--space-2);
  background: var(--color-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  padding: 0.9rem var(--space-3);
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--color-text);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  transition: border-color 0.15s ease, background 0.15s ease;
}
.state-card:hover {
  border-color: var(--color-accent);
  background: var(--color-accent-soft);
  text-decoration: none;
}
.state-card__abbr {
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  color: var(--color-accent);
  background: var(--color-accent-soft);
  padding: 0.2rem 0.45rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
}
.state-card__name {
  font-weight: 600;
  flex: 1;
}
.state-card__more {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--color-muted);
}
.state-card:hover .state-card__more {
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

/* ---------- Ad slots (CLS-safe; reserve space before AdSense loads) ---------- */

.ad-slot {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  background: var(--color-surface-soft);
  border: 1px dashed var(--color-border-strong);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  color: var(--color-muted);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin: var(--space-5) 0;
}
.ad-slot::before {
  content: "Advertisement";
  opacity: 0.45;
}
.ad-slot--in-article { min-height: 280px; max-width: 728px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }
.ad-slot--rectangle { min-height: 280px; max-width: 336px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }
.ad-slot--leaderboard { min-height: 90px; }
.ad-slot--sidebar { min-height: 600px; margin-top: var(--space-3); }
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .ad-slot--sidebar { display: none; }
}

/* ---------- Article ---------- */

.article {
  max-width: var(--container);
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.article__header {
  max-width: var(--container-narrow);
  margin: 0 auto var(--space-4);
}

.article__body {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 280px;
  gap: var(--space-5);
  /* No align-items: start — we want grid items to stretch so the sticky TOC has
     a containing block tall enough to stick within. */
}

.article__content {
  max-width: var(--container-narrow);
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .article__body { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

article {
  max-width: var(--container-narrow);
  margin: 0 auto;
}

/* ---------- Quick answer box ---------- */

.quick-answer {
  background: var(--color-accent-soft);
  border: 1px solid #c8e4d3;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--color-accent);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  padding: var(--space-3) var(--space-4);
  margin: var(--space-4) 0 0;
}
.quick-answer__label {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-accent);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-2);
}
.quick-answer p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  color: var(--color-text);
  max-width: none;
}

/* ---------- Table of contents ---------- */

.article-toc {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}
.article-toc__inner {
  position: sticky;
  top: var(--space-4);
  max-height: calc(100vh - var(--space-5));
  overflow-y: auto;
  background: var(--color-surface-soft);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  padding: var(--space-3) var(--space-4);
}
.article-toc__heading {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  margin: 0 0 var(--space-2);
}
.article-toc ol {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  max-width: none;
}
.article-toc li {
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
}
.article-toc a {
  color: var(--color-text-soft);
  text-decoration: none;
}
.article-toc a:hover {
  color: var(--color-accent);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* ---------- Header anchor links (added by markdown-it-anchor) ---------- */

.header-anchor {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.header-anchor:hover {
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

/* ---------- Related guides ---------- */

.related-guides {
  max-width: var(--container);
  margin: var(--space-6) auto 0;
}

.article-meta {
  color: var(--color-muted);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  margin: var(--space-3) 0 var(--space-3);
  padding-bottom: var(--space-3);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.4rem 1.2rem;
  align-items: center;
}
.article-meta strong { color: var(--color-text-soft); font-weight: 600; }

article p,
article ul,
article ol {
  max-width: none;
}

article h2 {
  margin-top: var(--space-6);
  padding-top: var(--space-2);
}

article h3 { margin-top: var(--space-5); }

article ul, article ol { padding-left: 1.25rem; }
article li { margin-bottom: 0.4rem; }

article hr {
  border: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  margin: var(--space-5) 0;
}

.callout {
  background: var(--color-accent-soft);
  border: 1px solid #c8e4d3;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--color-accent);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  padding: var(--space-3) var(--space-4);
  margin: var(--space-4) 0;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  color: var(--color-text-soft);
}

blockquote {
  margin: var(--space-4) 0;
  padding: var(--space-2) var(--space-4);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--color-accent);
  color: var(--color-text-soft);
  font-style: italic;
}

code {
  font-family: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, monospace;
  font-size: 0.88em;
  background: var(--color-surface-soft);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  padding: 0.1em 0.4em;
  border-radius: 6px;
}

/* ---------- Tables ---------- */

.table-wrap { overflow-x: auto; margin: var(--space-4) 0; }

table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: separate;
  border-spacing: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.96rem;
  background: var(--color-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

th, td {
  padding: 0.85rem 1rem;
  text-align: left;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  vertical-align: top;
}

th {
  background: var(--color-surface-soft);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--color-text);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}

tbody tr:last-child td { border-bottom: 0; }
tbody tr:hover td { background: var(--color-surface-soft); }

/* ---------- Footer ---------- */

.site-footer {
  margin-top: var(--space-7);
  background: var(--color-surface-soft);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}

.site-footer__inner {
  max-width: var(--container);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: var(--space-5) var(--space-3);
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--space-3);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  text-align: center;
}

.site-footer__links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: var(--space-3);
}

.site-footer a {
  color: var(--color-muted);
  text-decoration: none;
  text-decoration-color: transparent;
}
.site-footer a:hover {
  color: var(--color-accent);
  text-decoration-color: var(--color-accent);
}

/* ---------- Responsive ---------- */

/* ---------- Skip-to-content link (accessibility) ---------- */

.skip-link {
  position: absolute;
  top: -100px;
  left: 0;
  background: var(--color-accent);
  color: #fff;
  padding: 0.6rem 1rem;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none;
  z-index: 100;
}
.skip-link:focus {
  top: 0;
  color: #fff;
}

/* ---------- Print ---------- */

@media print {
  .site-header,
  .site-footer,
  .breadcrumbs,
  .article-toc,
  .ad-slot,
  .related-guides,
  .hero__cta,
  .skip-link {
    display: none !important;
  }

  body {
    background: #fff;
    color: #000;
    font-size: 11pt;
  }

  a {
    color: #000;
    text-decoration: underline;
  }

  .article__body {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
  }

  .quick-answer {
    border-color: #000 !important;
    background: #f5f5f5 !important;
  }

  table, .callout {
    page-break-inside: avoid;
  }

  h2, h3 {
    page-break-after: avoid;
  }
}

/* ---------- Mobile ---------- */

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .article__body {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .article-toc__inner {
    position: static;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
  html { font-size: 16px; }

  .container {
    padding: var(--space-4) var(--space-3);
  }

  /* Site header */
  .site-header__inner {
    padding: 0.75rem var(--space-3);
  }
  .site-title {
    font-size: 1rem;
    gap: 0.4rem;
  }
  .site-title__mark {
    display: none; /* hide "Est. 2026" on narrow screens */
  }
  .site-nav {
    gap: 0;
  }
  .site-nav a {
    padding: 0.6rem 0.75rem;
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    min-height: 44px;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
  }

  /* Hero */
  .hero {
    padding: var(--space-5) var(--space-3);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  }
  .hero__cta {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
  }
  .hero__cta .button {
    width: 100%;
    min-height: 48px;
  }
  .hero__trust {
    gap: var(--space-2);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
  }
  .hero__trust span {
    flex: 1 1 100%;
  }

  /* Page headers */
  .page-header {
    margin: var(--space-3) 0 var(--space-4);
  }
  .page-header__lede {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }

  /* Article */
  .article__header {
    margin-bottom: var(--space-3);
  }
  .article-meta {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    gap: 0.3rem 0.9rem;
  }
  .quick-answer {
    padding: var(--space-3);
  }
  .quick-answer p {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }

  /* Tables: horizontal scroll on narrow screens */
  article table,
  .article__content table {
    display: block;
    overflow-x: auto;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  }
  article th, article td,
  .article__content th, .article__content td {
    padding: 0.6rem 0.75rem;
    white-space: normal;
  }

  /* Cards */
  .guide-list {
    gap: var(--space-3);
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .guide-card {
    padding: var(--space-3);
  }
  .state-list {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(140px, 1fr));
  }

  /* Topic headings */
  .topic-section__heading {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
  }

  /* Breadcrumbs */
  .breadcrumbs {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
  }
  .breadcrumbs__list li:not(:last-child)::after {
    margin: 0 0.35rem;
  }

  /* Ad slots */
  .ad-slot {
    margin: var(--space-4) 0;
  }
  .ad-slot--in-article,
  .ad-slot--rectangle {
    min-height: 250px;
  }

  /* Footer */
  .site-footer__inner {
    padding: var(--space-4) var(--space-3);
  }
  .site-footer__links {
    gap: var(--space-2);
  }
}